Changing Attitudes Of Ferhat Abbas :: essays research papers

Changing Attitudes of Ferhat Abbas Introduction Ferhat Abbas believed in the peaceful solution and that the French are willing to co-operate with the Algerians. With this co-operation, he thought, it was possible for all to live together. He was brought up and thought to believe in democracy and parliament, to look for these in a peaceful fashion and that the people have to be asked what to do with their country and not to be terrorised to be convinced differently. However in the 1950's we can see a clear change, a turn in his thoughts. He accepts more violent ways in order to gain what he believes in. In order to explain the change in attitudes of Ferhat Abbas it is important that we first look at his background. In 1899 Ferhat Abbas was born. He had, like many others, received entirely French education at Constantine and at the University of Algiers. After finishing his studies he had served the French Army for two year after which he founded a pharmacist shop in Setif. There he also founded a student union which was a start of his political career. Soon he was accepted into the city Council where he fought for the emancipation of Algerians from the French. In 1938 Abbas founded the Union Populaire Algà ©rienne which peacefully fought for the equal rights of Algerians and French. Believing in the possible co-operation of French and Algerians he had, fought alongside the French. Political Career During the war Abbas still continues his work towards the equality. In 1943 he wrote the 'Manifesto of the Algerian People' which was than proclaimed and several times sent to the French authorities. "The French colony only admits equality with Muslim Algeria on one level; sacrifice on the battlefields." This manifesto represented some very revolutionary ideas and proposed the equality of rights and "immediate and effective participation." Also in this manifesto Abbas continuously condemns the French oppressive colonialism and even asks for the self- determination of the whole population as a different culture. Soon afterward he wrote an addition to the manifesto in which he sees the Algeria as the country separate from France. In the book 'A Savage War of Peace' his attitude is described as following: "Of pacific temperament, although he was a skilful debater, he was no rabble- rouser..."(Horne,1979, p.40). The A.M.L On its rejection by the French governor general, Ferhat Abbas and an Algerian working-class leader, Messali Hadj, formed the Amis du Manifeste et de la Libertà © (A.M.L. ; Friends of the Manifesto and Liberty), which envisioned an Algerian autonomous republic federated to a renewed, anti-colonial France.

Communication in nursing Essay

Introduction. Communication is a necessary skill to have in the nursing profession. We use communication to exchange information between patients, co-workers and all the people around us (Kozier et Erb 2004). No matter the form of communication we are constantly presenting and interpreting people’s ideas and thoughts. Communication is a method we utilize to connect the gap between knowledge and comprehension (Kozier et Erb 2004).This paper will discuss an observation of the personal care home environment, modes of communication such as; verbal and non-verbal, effective communication methods and barriers to communications. Observation Of Personal Care Home Environment. I visited an urban personal care home in the inner city. I will be identifying this personal care home as PCH â€Å"X†. I walked into the facility and it was very clean and spacious. I conducted my observation during lunch time in the dining room. This area was poorly lit and the temperature was very humid. There was also music playing in the background during mealtime. This personal care facility was very respectful, kind and caring to the residents in their care. The communication I observed in general was very clear and concise. Verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is a mode of communication that uses both written and spoken words (Kozier et Erb 2004). Here is an example of verbal communication: At PCH â€Å"X†, a nurse was giving medication to a resident and he introduced himself. The resident did not respond to the nurse so the nurse approached him in a different manner. He crouched down to the resident’s level and spoke to him again in a calm voice and lightly touched his shoulder. The resident later complied with his directions to take his medication. The nurse took a different approach with his verbal communication by speaking softly. Verbal communication is largely used due to the fact that people usually chose the words they use (Kozier et Erb  2004). Another mode of communication is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication involves other forms of communication such as gestures, facial expressions, and touch (Kozier et Erb 2004, page 423). Most people who use verbal communication use various forms of non-verbal communication simultaneously. The nurse in the example above used non-verbal communication, when he crouched down to the resident’s level and lightly touched his shoulder. This second example involves non-verbal communication: A Health Care Aide was about to assist a resident with lunch. The resident was not aware of his environment and had difficulty feeding himself. The Health Care Aide asked the resident to open his mouth but he did not respond. As a result, the Health Care Aide opened his own mouth and the resident mimicked him and they were able to continue feeding. Effective communication methods. Effective communication is a very important aspect in a nursing career. Here is a summary of some effective communication strategies that I have observed at PCH â€Å"X†: *Health care workers appeared to be neat and tidy wearing uniforms. This will convey a non-verbal communication method of professionalism. Clothing and apparel can be a source of information about a person (Kozier et Erb 2004). *A staff member asked a resident how their lunch tasted. The staff member paraphrased what the client was saying and reinstated the resident’s feelings. This showed the resident that the staff member was actively listening (Kozier et Erb 2004). *Health care workers seemed interested in what clients had to say and differentiated the real from unreal (Kozier et Erb 2004). Health care workers talked to residents about daily activities. One client stated â€Å"I have to go to work; my daughter will be picking me up soon†. The nurse responded â€Å"your daughter will be here to visit but you are retired and you  do not have to work anymore.† These are a few effective communication strategies I have witnessed at PCH â€Å"X†. Communication promotes understanding and can build a constructive relationship with clients and co-workers. As nurses we must be aware of what we say and how we act towards others. Barriers to communication. It is critical to be aware of the good communication methods as well as the bad communications methods. This particular personal care home was very respectful to clients. However, here are some barriers to communication I observed when I was at PCH â€Å"X†: *One resident had a language deficit and had difficulty speaking. The resident was calling out and it seemed as though she wanted something. It was difficult for the staff member to understand what she was saying. He overcame this barrier by asking her yes and no questions until he finally solved what she was trying to say. *Residents were being talked to like children. The clients were often referred to as â€Å"dear, sweetheart, or darling†. During lunch, I also overhead someone saying â€Å"we have to change you diaper you made a pooh-pooh†. This may demean a client however; this communication barrier can be resolved by calling residents by their name and by respecting their dignity as a person. *Residents can also be hard of hearing. A nurse was talking to a resident with his back turned asking him questions and he did not reply back. She continued to speak louder and the resident later asked why she was yelling. The nurse should have faced the client while speaking to him so he could realize that he was being spoken to. Nurses need to recognize the barriers to effective communication. Barriers make communication become non-therapeutic. Non-therapeutic strategies to communication can be detrimental to a healing relationship. Conclusion. In conclusion, communication is extremely important especially to a nurse. To properly assess clients’ needs we must be able to communicate with them verbally and non-verbally. If we can identify the barriers to communication we can find effective strategies to resolve them. We have to be clear when we communicate to our patients. A misinterpretation of instructions, plans, and vital information can be harmful to a client’s health and well being. Caring and comforting is an important aspect of nursing and that can only be demonstrated through effective communication techniques. References Kozier & Erb, Barbara, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

The Role Of Media Coverage On The Media - 1399 Words

While analysing media ownership, it resulted clear how proprietorial influence plays an important role in citizens’ lives. It is not just a matter of controlling the news outcome but it also directly influences politics where media coverage is essential for the spreading of ideas. Regarding this topic, the perfect example in position of power is Rupert Murdoch, a man whose only cravings are power and control, a man who has built an empire from the ground earning a position of international respect and importance. He has become the face of the news, or more accurately, the man behind the news. Every single person that works for him is subjected to is halo of influence even when he is not around. Politicians fear his power because it can affect their careers, freedom of the press activists sill dream of the day his massive empire will disaggregate. Today’s news is overall influenced by five major companies; therefore, the questions arises spontaneously: can we trust what we read? Media ownership, as concentration of power in the hands of one individual, is considered antidemocratic because it restricts media diversity and becomes an issue for social justice and democracy itself (Freedman, 2012). For instance Silvio Berlusconi, ex Italian Prime Minister, ‘maintains control of all but one of the country’s national TV channels and a sizable piece of its publishing industry while holding office’ (Randall, 2015) making impossible for the citizen to rely on the news as it wasShow MoreRelatedMedia Coverage of the Emmitt Till Murder Played a Major Role in the Civil Rights Movement1203 Words   |  5 Pageswas not until this young boy suffered an appalling murder in Mississippi that the eyes of a nation were irrevocably opened to the ongoing horrors of racism in the South. It sparked the beginning of a flourish of both national and international media coverage of the Civil Rights violations in America. In the 2005 documentary, The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till, Emmett’s mother, Mamie states that Sheriff Strider of Charleston decided to have her son’s body buried immediately there in MississippiRead MoreWho Takes Advantage Of Media Coverage?1379 Words   |  6 Pages Who takes Advantage of Media Coverage? Tyasia Senega American River College Media Research Projects Professor Wilbur Johnson November 25th, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Media coverage over the years has expanded quickly with the help of new age technology, forcing today’s society on total reliance of media coverage. With the news in the palm of our hands, we are constantly being updated on worldwide dilemmas every second, but who takes advantage of coverage? Using coverage for the downfall of others orRead MoreSports Coverage And Its Effect On Women s Sports863 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the prevalence of the gender binary in our everyday lives, it is reinforced even further by the sports media that acts as a strong social influence. Additionally, sports media depicts gender inequality by creating a discriminatory system that favors men’s sports and regards women’s sports as a â€Å"second rate investment.† Lack of funding and lack of coverage have seemingly created a self-fulfilling prophecy for the future of women’s sports. Quantitative evidence from research completed by theRead MoreGenocide and the Propagand a Media Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical and contemporary. The meaning of the phrase genocide is the cleansing of a race or ethnicity in a country. There has been evidence that this phrase can be used to describe past and present day massacres being committed around the world and how media has changed its perception on this issue overtime. Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people... Propaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea. ( Adolf HitlerRead MoreThe Role Of External Environment On Firms1042 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing media scrutiny in recent years, the role of media in influencing the legitimacy of multinational firms in emerging economies has been understudied. This paper addresses how news media affects MNE performance in the host country by influencing subsidiary managers’ ties with host country business and political environments. Scholars have been attempting to unearth the effects of media on the public for quite a few years. Researchers have recognized that the effects of media are distinctiveRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 20131488 Words   |  6 Pagesattention in Ukraine and media from all over the world started covering the revolution on a daily basis. The Ukrainian Revolution gained big publicity but it seemed that the opinions expressed were differing – especially the ones coming from the Western media between the Russian media. This case study will examine how four different news websites – two western ones and two Russians - framed Ukraine’s Revolution of 2013, by researching the question ‘How Western and how Russian media were covering the eventsRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity in the Media1080 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will focus on how hegemonic masculinity has been mediated through the media, by creating gender gaps. Furthermore, it is important to note that the media is important sources that orchestrate the perception of individuals in our society and as such should be examined in order to create ways to tackle the problem. Both articles consulted for the purpose of this paper examined the influence of the media in the area of sports and how they negatively influence our perception and createRead MoreAn Investigation Into the Media Representation of Gender in Sport1303 Words   |  6 PagesAn investigation into the media representation of gender in sport. There have been many studies and investigations into the different types and intensity of the media coverage in sport involving both sexes. This investigation will look at previous studies and reports carried out by researchers to discover why different genders receive different media attention in sport, and to see whether this has an adverse effect on other issues such as participation. It is a clear fact that menRead MoreThe Media s Role Of A Democratic Nation1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe news media is an important aspect of a democratic nation, as one of their roles is to be a voice of the public — to mediate between the public and the government. Anderson (2007) asserts that the normative roles of the news media in a democratic society are to undertake the role of the fourth estate, act as a watchdog, and when necessary, as a counterbalance to those in society who abuse their power. In other words, the media’s function in society is critical to ensuring a balanced governanceRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1402 Words   |  6 PagesMedia has become an integral part of the lives of both Americans and people all around the world. It has its influences on different aspects of a person’s aspect on life. Many political analysts have looked at the influence of media on elections, especially as the media has become more prominent in the world. Wit h technology becoming more and more a n integral part of the daily life of a person, this subject will become that much more relevant. We live in a time where almost every person in the developing

Hobbyist Short Story and Druggist Essay - 786 Words

Summary The short story, â€Å"The Hobbyist written by Frederic Brown is about a man named Sangstrom. Sangstrom was at a prescription pharmacy secretly talking to the Druggist about buying an undetectable poison to kill his wife. The Druggist asks to follow him into the back room and puts some coffee into the boiler. The Druggist informs Sangstrom that he feels that he deserves the poison for free but must pay for the antidote. This is when Sangstrom realizes that the Druggist had poisoned his coffee. Sangstrom panics and pulls out his gun and points it at the Druggist. The Druggist continues to explain that if Sangstrom hands over $1000 and writes a confession of the murder of his wife and the Druggist in case he did kill either one of them,,†¦show more content†¦Please help spread the word about my undetectable poison, will you? One never knows, Mr.Sangstrom. The life you save, if you have any enemies, just might be your own.† This proves how through blackmailing people he tries to save lives. The Druggist is brave because the text says, â€Å"Or if you think I’m bluffing, that you’re really not poisoned, go ahead and shoot.† This proves that he wasn’t scared of the gun. The Druggist is a careful man because the text says, â€Å"Whom do you want to kill and why?† This proves that he wants to know everything in the mind of the murdered before he gives anything to him. Sangstrom is the antagonist in the short story, â€Å"Hobbyist†, written by Frederic Brown. He is the person that opposes the Druggist. Sangstrom like the Druggist is also a mixture of both rounded and dynamic characters since he has many sided and complex personalities that you would expect of actual human beings but also has a personality that changes for the better and worse by the end of the story. For example, at the beginning of the story Sangstrom is reflected as a typical bad or villainous type person wanting to kill his wife. However right after the climax, just like a villainous character, his reaction to being blackmailed was pointing his gun at the Druggist. Sangstrom was forced into not killing his wife in the fear of getting caught by the police if the confession letter was mailed.

The Failure of the Treaty of Versailles Essay - 1595 Words

Imagine this: a child starts a fight on the playground in elementary school. After a nasty scuffle he is caught and brought into the principal’s office for punishment. Present in the office is the mother of a child whose arm was broken in the fight. She wants the child punished severely as restitution for hurting her son. Next is one of the children who stepped in to defend the victim. He wants the child punished, but not as harshly as the mother. And, of course, the principal. He stepped in at the end of the fight and broke it up. His only goal at this point is to make sure another fight does not occur. Welcome to the situation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 at the close of World War I. Germany had started a major war, and it was†¦show more content†¦Clemenceau was pushing to include severe punishments for Germany in the treaty. He firmly believed that Germany should be crushed so it could not start another war such as the one they just ended. (Lentin 22). George of Britain, under the pressure of his voting public, supported a revenge policy towards Germany, but not one as severe as the policy France was proposing. He also had ideas of using Germany as a buffer to stop the spread of Communism in the region (â€Å"The Treaty of Versailles,† History). Wilson on the other hand had no thoughts of revenge; his goal was simply to try to reach a lasting peace. His plan for this was set out in his Fourteen Points plan to encourage an end to fighting and the spread of democracy. This plan included opening trade, slowly disarming all countries, and putting a stop to secret diplomacy. The points also included the creation of the League of Nations, a coalition that was to include the major nations of the world that would meet with the common goal of avoiding another world war (Gay and Gay). If Wilson had actively stuck to this plan, the future most likely would have been a different story. But all of these differing viewpoints made negoti ations difficult and the he settled for a compromise that may have seemed appropriate at the time but resulted in negative consequences for the world. The United States shortsightedly neglected the responsibility to support a functional treaty unclouded by thoughts of revenge. The countries theShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of The Treaty Of Versailles1781 Words   |  8 Pages The failure of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States Senate was due to both the opposition of the treaty in liberal and conservative forces, as well as Woodrow Wilson’s stubbornness and incompetence when deciding the final version of the treaty with imperialism, German restrictions, and the League of Nations. As World War I began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, igniting a conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary that snowballed into a war with Great Britain, FranceRead MoreThe Treaty of Versailles: A Complete Failure Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesDecember of 1918, The Allies of Europe met in Versailles to Sign possibly one of the most changing documents in history. The document they signed nearly turned Europe upside down , broke down and put up many new social barriers, and definitely made history. The Document that the allied forces all gathered to sign was known as the Treaty of Versailles. Initially, the treaty intended to keep peace between the nations, however, forcing Germany to sign the treaty ended up as one of the worst decisions anybodyRead MoreThe Successes and Failures of the Treaty of Versailles in Addressing the Causes of Conflict and Restoring Peace and Normality1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe Successes and Failures of the Treaty of Versailles in Addressing the Causes of Conflict and Restoring Peace and Normality To evaluate the successes and failures of the Treaty of Versailles, we need to address the terms of the Treaty as well as to inspect the consequences. The First World War had exposed Germany as a strong and aggressive power, and was viewed as a threat to peace by the victorious powers, so the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which was designed toRead MoreThe Treaty of Versailles1684 Words   |  7 PagesInvestigation The Treaty of Versailles was created to bring peace between nations after WWI. This investigation will answer the following question: To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles bring peace? In this investigation, the extent of the Versailles Treaty’s success will be evaluated by examining the period of its development, 1918, to the rise of Hitler, 1933. Several sources were used in this investigation including a number of books that look at the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the reactionsRead MoreThe War I And World War II Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II are the largest military conflicts in history. In 1919, Europe attempted to reconstruct the damage left by WWI. After WWI, with the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was left destroyed and destabilized, which eventually laid out the foundation for WWII. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the aggression of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to bring about peace, but Marshall Foch, g eneralissimo of the Allied Armies in France believed that instead, it was an armisticeRead MoreWorld War I Was One Of The Most Destructive Wars1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthe machine gun and gas warfare, as well as the failure of military leaders to adjust their tactics to the increasingly mechanized nature of warfare. Viewing Germany as the chief instigator of the conflict, the Allied Powers decided to impose particularly harsh terms and conditions upon defeated Germany. The Treaty of Versailles, signed June 28, 1919, did little to shape any sort of long-term peace from the results of World War I. Instead, the treaty, hastily put together, was vague, exposed the Allies’Read MoreWas the Treaty of Versailles a Success? Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesWas the Treaty of Versailles a success? There are several ways in which the Treaty of Versailles was a success but there are also some which show it was a failure. The treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One. The treaty was signed in Versailles Palace near Paris-hence its name-between Germany and its Allies. The three most important politicians were David Lloyd George (Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson (USA) also known as ‘The Big Three’Read MoreEssay on The Causes of World War II1106 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the Treaty of Versailles, to the rise of Hitler, and the failure of the League of Nations, there were many causes that lead up to World War II. World War I left Germany with many shortfalls, thus leaving them in the hands of the Treaty of Versailles. Rather unfair of a Treaty, this left Germany once again looking for another way out. A country resented by many had no other choice but to feel optimistic toward Adolph Hitlers empty promises†¦ making it substantially simple for him to gain powerRead MoreThe Failure of the League of Nations and the Outbreak of War in 1939913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Failure of the League of Nations and the Outbreak of War in 1939 There are many causes for the outbreak of the Second World War. These include the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles, Hitlers actions and so on. Some of them are more important then others and are mostly linked with another cause. The failure of the League of Nations was one of the main reasons for the outbreak of war. It exposed weaknesses which encouraged Hitler to invadeRead MoreBritish Foreign Policy During The Period From 19191147 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to determine the success to failure ratio, which focused my attention on the debated failure of three major foreign diplomatic events that’s shaped the course of history. The Treaty of Versailles, The Manchurian Crisis of 1931, and Neville Chamberlin’s appeasement were all long-term failures involving British foreign policy. These â€Å"failures† helped and shaped tension as well as the Second World War. The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles is regarded as one of the biggest flounders

Poem Templates Free Essays

Poetic Forms Template†¦. You should approach this assignment from the perspective that you are teaching someone how to write the type of poem that you have selected. That means, defining and providing the characteristics of the type of poetry that you have selected as well as an approach to composing. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Templates or any similar topic only for you Order Now TYPE: English SonnetThe English Sonnet, also known as a Shakespearian Sonnet, can be written about any subject. This type of poem is written in iambic pentameter (10 syllables or 5 feet in a line, one foot is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable) and consists of three quatrains and a concluding couplet. This means that the poem has three groups of four lines and an additional couplet to finish the poem. The English Sonnet follows a specific rhyme pattern, it goes: abab cdcd efef gg. This demonstrates the pattern by showing what lines rhyme with each other. The first and third line are both ‘a’s and therefore must rhyme with each other. | Example of English Sonnet: BarmaidBy: William Ernest Henley1 Though, if you ask her name, she says Elise,2 Being plain Elizabeth, e’en let it pass,3 And own that, if her aspirates take their ease,4 She ever makes a point, in washing glass,5 Handling the engine, turning taps for tots,6 And countering change, and scorning what men say,7 Of posing as a dove among the pots,8 Nor often gives her dignity away. Her head’s a work of art, and, if her eyes10 Be tired and ignorant, she has a waist;11 Cheaply the Mode she shadows; and she tries12 From penny novels to amend her taste;13 And, having mopped the zinc for certain years,14 And faced the gas, she fades and disappear|My Original Piece:When Friends LeaveBy: Luke Longstreet1 I may have a good life, is it enough? 2 I have lifelong friends, but they are now gone. 3 Off to university, it’s been tough,4 We used to hang out till the strike of dawn. 5 Sometimes I wish I was a year older,6 So I could be with them and not right here. Since they have gone life seems so much colder,8 For without them the boring days draw near. 9 Some days are harder than others to face,10 Problems with depression are on my plate. 11 These troubles make my parents start to pace,12 I know I will see them again, it’s fate. 13 I miss them with all my heart, but I know14 They miss me too; it’s just too hard to show. Works CitedHenley, William Ernest. Barmaid. London: Macmillan and Co, Print. .| The form of an English Sonnet allows for the writer of the poem to establish a strong theme and description of the theme because of the amount of lines the poet has to use. The rhyme scheme also has a repeat of sounds and therefore makes the message come across stronger because the memory of what was previously said comes back once the reader hears the repeated sound. The structure of the Sonnet is almost like a brief essay, the first quatrain is the intro of the theme, the next two quatrains explain about the theme and the couplet at the end, concludes the poem. The form of the English Sonnet is very effective although it can be considered more difficult to write than other types of poems. || Poetic Forms Template†¦. You should approach this assignment from the perspective that you are teaching someone how to write the type of poem that you have selected. That means, defining and providing the characteristics of the type of poetry that you have selected as well as an approach to composing. TYPE: HaikuDefinition and â€Å"How to†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Explanation for this type of poem:A Haiku poems is a poem that consists of three lines, the first having five syllables, the second has seven and the third five syllables. | Example of Chosen Poem Form: An old silent pond†¦ A frog jumps into the pond,splash! Silence again. by Basho Matsuo|My Original Piece:Poetic ChallengeBy: Luke LongstreetWho challenges me? Master of all the Haiku. I will kill you now! | Explanation of How Form Affects Theme The form of the Haiku allows for the poet to be very broad about the theme because the poet only has seventeen syllables to tell the reader what they want to say. Haiku’s are fairly simplistic because there are not a lot of guidelines to the form. These poems are usually about nature but can be written about anything. | Luke’s Original ClerihewSteven went to the store,But he could not open the door. He screamed a shout, Then wept with a pout. |Luke’s Original ViatorChills run down my spine when I see your grace,The way you move makes it hard to mistake. It shines a light on your beautiful face. There is no way that your smile could be fake,Because that would take away perfection. I remember those nights at the quiet lake. We would talk about i nterpretations, Of how our lives will change the earths’ nations. | How to cite Poem Templates, Essay examples

The Changing Nature of Music Industry free essay sample

One of the less visible but highly challenging aspects of the Internet is the impact it has had and is having on the entertainment business. This Is particularly the case with music. At one level its impacts could be assumed to be confined to providing new e-tailing channels through which you can obtain the latest CD of your preference for example from Amazon. Mom or CD-Now or 100 other websites. These Innovations Increase the choice and tailoring of the music purchasing service and monster some of the richness/reach economic shifts of the new Internet game. But beneath this updating of essentially the same transaction lies a more fundamental shift in the ways in which music is created and distributed and in the business model on which the whole music Industry is currently predicated.In essence the old model Involved a complex .NET;ark In which songwriters and artists depended on AR (artists and repertoire) to select a few acts, production staff who would record in complex and expensive studios, other production staff who loud oversee the manufacture of physical discs, tapes and CDC and marketing and distribution staff who would ensure the product was publicized and disseminated to an increasingly global market. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Nature of Music Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several key changes have undermined this structure and brought with It significant disruption to the Industry.Old competencies may no longer be relevant whilst acquiring new ones becomes a matter of urgency. Even well-established names like Sony find it difficult to stay ahead whilst new entrants are able to exploit the economics of the Internet. At the heart of the change is the potential for creating, touring and distributing music In digital format a problem which many researchers have worked on for some time. One solution, developed by one of the Forerunner Institutes in Germany, is a standard based on the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) level 3 protocol MPH.MPH offers a powerful algorithm for managing one of the big problems In transmitting music files that of compression. Normal audio files cover a wide range of frequencies and are thus very large and not suitable for fast transfer across the Internet especially with a population who may only be using relatively slow modems. With MPH effective compression is achieved by cutting out those frequencies which the human ear cannot detect with the result that the files to be transferred are much smaller. As a result MPH files can be moved across the Internet quickly and shared widely.Various programs exist for transferring normal audio files and inputs such as CDC into MPH and back again. What does this mean for the music business? In the first Instance aspiring musicians no longer need to depend on being picked up by AR staff from major companies who can bear the costs of recording and production of a physical CD. Instead they can use home recording software and either produce a CD themselves I OFF coatrooms, etc. In the process they effectively create a parallel and much more direct music industry which leaves existing players and artists on the sidelines.Such changes are not necessarily threatening. For many people the lowering of entry barriers has opened up the possibility of participating in the music business for example, by making and sharing music without the complexities and costs of a formal recording contract and the resources of a major record company. There is also scope for innovation around the periphery for example in the music publishing sector where sheet music and lyrics are also susceptible to lowering of barriers through the application of digital technology.Journalism and related activities become increasingly open now music reviews and other forms of commentary become possible via specialist user groups and channels on the Web, whereas before they were the province o f a few magazine titles. Compiling popularity charts and the related advertising is also opened up as the medium switches from physical CDC ND tapes distributed and sold via established channels to new media such as MPH distributed via the Internet. As if this were not enough, the industry is also challenged from another source the sharing of music between different people connected via the Internet. Although technically illegal this practice of sharing between peoples record collections has always taken place but not on the scale which the Internet threatens to facilitate. Much of the established music industry is concerned with legal issues how to protect copyright and how to ensure that royalties are paid in the right proportions to hose who participate in production and distribution.But when people can share music in MPH format and distribute it globally, the potential for policing the system and collecting royalties becomes extremely difficult to sustain It has been made much more so by another technological development that of person-to-person or POP networking. Sean Fanning, an 18-year-old student with the nickname the Anapest, was intrigued by the challenge of being able to enable his friends to see and share between their own personal record collections. He argued that if they held hose in MPH format then it should be possible to set up some kind of central exchange program which facilitated their sharing.The result the Anapest. Com site offered sophisticated software which enabled POP transactions. The Anapest server did not actually hold any music on its files but every day millions of swaps were made by people around the world exchanging their music collections. Needless to say this posed a huge threat to the established music business since it involved no payment of royalties. A number of high-profile lawsuits followed but whilst Anapests activities have been curbed the problem did not go away.There are now many other sites emulating and extending what Anapest started sites such as Neutral take the POP idea further and enable exchange of many different file formats text, video, etc. In Anapests own case the phenomenally successful site concluded a deal with entertainment giant Bertelsmann which paved the way for subscription-based services which provide some revenue stream to deal with the royalty issue. Expectations that legal protection would limit the impact of this revolution have been copyright law. Their Judgment said, History has shown that time and market forces often provide equilibrium in balancing interests, whether the new technology be a player piano, a copier, a tape recorder, a video recorder, a PC, a karaoke machine or an MPH player. 68 Significantly the new opportunities opened up by this were seized not by music Industry firms but by computer companies, especially Apple. In parallel with the launch of their successful -Pod personal MPH player they opened a site called tunes Inch offered users a choice of thousands of tracks for download at 99 c each. In its first weeks of operation it recorded 1 m. TTS and has gone on to be the market leader in an increasingly populated field, having notched up over mom. Downloads since opening in mid-2003. See Case Study 1. 1 of 4th Edition for update) ere writing may be on the wall for the music industry in the same way as the low cost marline business has transformed the travel business. Behind the music industry the next target may be the movie and entertainment industry where there are a;ready worrying similarities. Or the growing computer games sector with shifts towards more small scale developers using viral marketing to build a sales base.