Martin Luthers Life and Teachings Essay - 1610 Words

Martin Luther was a Christian theologian and an Augustinian monk. He was born on November 10, 1483 to Hans and Margaretha Luder in Eisleben, Germany. The day after his birth he was baptised on the day of the St. Martin of Tours. Martin’s father wanted more for his youngest son so he did everything he could to get his son involved in the civil service and bring honor to their family. His father sent him to various schools in Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. In 1501, at the age of seventeen, Martin entered the University of Erfurt. He received his bachelor’s degree after just one year of enrolling into the university, three years later he received his master’s degree. Martin was enrolled in the law program at the university but that all†¦show more content†¦On October 19, 1512 he received a degree of Doctor of Theology from the University of Wittenburg. The demand for the study of academic degrees and preparation for delivering lectures eventually drove Luther to study scriptures in much more depth. He immersed himself into the teachings of the Scripture and the early church. In time words began to take other meanings. By his studying of the Scriptures and the Bible then convinced him that the church had lost of the central truths that were laid out. Luther then started to believe and eventually taught that salvation was a gift of God’s grace which was received by trust and faith that God’s promise to forgive sins for the sake of Christ’s very death on the cross. In 1517 on Halloween, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of Wittenburg Church. His 95 Theses accused the Roman Catholic church of being unorthodox. This act of rebellion is seen to some as the starting point of the Protestant Reformation. This action by Martin was in response to the excesses and fraud of the Roman Catholic church and also to the selling of indulgences in return for forgiveness of one’s sins. The selling of indulgences was prohibited in Wittneburg by Prince Frederick III. Although the selling of indulgences was banned in Wittneburg many members of the churchShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Martin Luther1037 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther was a man who impacted the world’s society and history. He marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, which changed the course of Christianity forever. He was a powerful man of God, who reformed the corrupt Catholic Church, rediscovered the Living Word of God, and restored many authentic Christian do ctrines. Luther was a man who changed the world. Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany on November 10, 1483 to a middle-class family. During his childhood, two of his brothersRead MoreMartin Luther And The Christian Church992 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther was an Augustinian monk who believed the grace of God alone would justify fall humans. Luther one day translated the Bible into German unknowingly beginning the start of a radical religious revolution. Luther wanted to reform the Christian church of abuses. He wanted to return the church to its roots of Christianity and take away moderation. Luther believed in the reading of scriptures and finding the truth from within them. Robert Kolb believed, â€Å"Luther was filled with the dynamismRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation871 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst everything the Catholic Church had been teaching. Some famous reformers are John Calvin and Martin Luther. However, Martin Luther-- to some--- is named the most successful and influential reformer of the 16th century. Martin Luther was tremendously effective and influential due to how resourceful he was, and his teachings spread across Europe swiftly. Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Saxony which is located in Germany on November 10, 1483 (â€Å"Martin Luther- Biography†). Luther was born intoRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic1550 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation, but Martin Luther is one of the more significant figures. This paper is about how Martin Luther, a catholic German Monk, played a substantial role in influencing the religion of that time and initiated the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther affected the Catholic Church, which was the major religion in Europe at the time, with his deep-seated beliefs on indulgences and how you can find your own salvation without aid of the Catholic Church or the Pope. After Martin Luther was triedRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1029 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 16th century that was against the Roman Catholic and its way of controlling things. Martin Luther, a reformer along with John Calvin and Henchurches VII. Luther may have had full faith in God, but he also had fear in him and his powers. They questioned the authority of the church and argued over political and religious powers in the hands of the bible. Martin Luther was the starter of it all. Martin Luther was a German monk who decided to start the Reformation. In 1517 he sent out a paperRead MoreMartin Luther Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther (November 10, 1483 - February 18, 1546) was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions. Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretha Luther on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Germany and was baptised the next day on the feast of St. Martin of Tours, after whom he was named. Luthers call to the Church to return to the teachings of the Bible resulted inRead MoreMartin Luther : A Father Of The Protestant Reformation1462 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther: A Father of the Protestant Reformation During the 16th century, many people began to question the doctrine and practices of the Catholic Church. The church was selling indulgences (forgiveness) to release people from their debt of sin. The higher positions held in the church were being sold to those who would pay the most money. The clergy’s greed and thirst after money essentially divided the church between the peasants and clergy. One man disagreed with the actions of the CatholicRead MoreMakayla Horton. Dr. Skaggs. World Civ. Ii. 1 February 2017.1182 Words   |  5 PagesMakayla Horton Dr. Skaggs World Civ. II 1 February 2017 Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses The Ninety-Five Theses were written by Martin Luther in 1517. At the time of writing, Luther had devoted his life to Jesus Christ, and had become a monk. In his Theses, he expressed the idea that someone must be completely willing to commit penance in order for it to be legitimate, and Luther gave several reasons why he was critical of the sale of indulgences. He challenged the authority of the pope and other powerfulRead MoreLutheranism and Its Impact on Germanic Peasants1396 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued oppression by the Catholic Church. When Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the doors of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, his goal was to reform the Catholic Church and to end its rampant corruption. A devout Catholic himself, Luther was concerned for his own salvation, and through rigorous study of the Bible, soon became aware that many of the teachings of the Catholic Church directly contradicted the Gospel. When Luther’s appeals were met with scrutiny, he began to spread hisRead MoreMartin Luther and The Protestant Reformation1110 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of October 31st? The answer is probably Halloween, correct? October 31st is a significant date, however, this paper will describe how, in 1517, Martin Luther changed the course of religion with his visionary leadership and ethical beliefs. The essay will also discuss how his traits are relevant to me as a leader. Martin Luther was one the most influential people that inspired the Protestant Reformation and impacted Christianity

Collegiate Aviation Programs and Their Under Representation of Female Students Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The researcher states that despite all the setbacks faced by the female aviators, professional organizations have come up in support of women in aviation, and furthermore these same women have made contributions as well as achievements as individuals. The success of most women in aviation has been due to the contribution of several groups. These groups generally contribute by way of funding towards hundreds of educational programs, which include aerospace workshop, touring of airports for school going children, fear flight clinics for passengers, and seminars for flight instructor and aviation training. They also offer scholarships grants for various fields in aviation. That being said, a shortage of pilots remains. A shortage of pilots is giving less experienced pilots a chance at flying passenger aircraft. With the ongoing shortage of pilots, most airlines have lowered their level of experience requirements for new pilots. Most aviation experts feel that lowering the minimum requi rements for flight experience will produce unsafe environments where inexperienced pilots will always be reacting to emergencies. Therefore, as the ratio of female pilots remains quite low in the aviation industry, which has a chance of creating negative opinion towards flight careers for female pilots within the industry? We will write a custom essay sample on Collegiate Aviation Programs and Their Under Representation of Female Students or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It is evident that in fields that are dominated by males, sex stereotyping exists. This creates barriers for women that operate in limited ways. As the continuity of negative opinion towards female pilots continues, it creates reluctance for females to pursue careers in the aviation field. This effect can create repetitive cycles, which ends up leading to a continued lower ratio of female pilots. This then becomes a problem that must be researched on within the aviation industry to understand ways to reverse the situation of low female representation. The author continues to point out that although the present literature has not been sufficient in understanding pilot perceptions towards females in understanding the low ratio.

Visual Arts And Drama Integration Essay - 1307 Words

Art is important as it allows students learn to express and discover more about themself. The teacher’s role is to create the safe environment for them to take risks and create opportunities for them to express and discover more about themselves. It is important to have arts in teaching as it triggers creative actions and response by linking ideas, engaging, imagination and feelings (Ministry of Education, 2007). Furthermore, art can stimulate and enable learning, cognitive and academic development (Roy, Baker Hamilton, 2012). In my series of lesson plans, I have decided to integrate visual arts and drama. Visual arts allow students to freely express themselves through drawing, construction and painting (Dinham, 2014). Whereas drama is all about interactions, reactions and actions through exciting learning experience such as role-playing (Dinham, 2014; Ministry of Education, 2012). Through the visual art and drama integration, this student gain a sense of confidence in what t hey do, as they are creating an art piece and presenting it to everyone the drama. The topic I have chosen for visual arts is paper mosaics where students develop practical knowledge. I decide to choose this, as it can create a really engaging and relaxing environment. They â€Å" explore some art-making conventions, applying acknowledge of elements and selected principles through the use of materials and processes.† (Ministry of Education, 2007, p.47) The students start by learning about what mosaics areShow MoreRelatedArts Integrated Into The Curriculum931 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Of West Florida Arts Integrated Into the Curriculum Who doesn’t love to have fun while they are learning? While most would answer that with a yes some may say, there is no way to make learning fun. The arts consist of dance, music, visual arts, or even theater. If we used the fine arts to teach the core subjects (math, science, or language arts) you might just realize that learning can be fun. Art integration sometimes is not used due to lack of funding, or even teacher experience thatRead MoreThe Arts Is An Essential Element Of Education1245 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The arts are an essential element of education, just like reading writing, and arithmetic†¦music dance, painting, and theatre are all keys that unlock profound human understanding and accomplishment† (William Bennett, Former US Secretary of Education). The reality in education has always been, when the money is tight, it’s time to get rid of something. Why, oh why does this have to be the case? The very first thing they look at is the arts. As stated by Charles Fowler, â€Å"In many schools, the statusRead MoreThe Liberal Arts And Education1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe liberal arts are a vital subject for the curriculum of every school worldwide. However, numerous education reforms set in motion by American government have begun to take a heavy toll on the existence of art programs in schools. Subjects such as theatre, music, dance, visual arts, and many more are being sacrificed economically in lieu of basic subjects that are listed as more important by the state. As a result of these funding cuts to arts programs, students across the nation are beginningRead More Arts Integration and Student Achievement Essay2730 Words   |  11 PagesChapter Two: The Literature Review Introduction The arts is not a new idea in the field of education. For the purposes of this paper, the sources used have found methods in which the integration of the Arts have benefited their students through increased comprehension of the material, student responsiveness, as well as student satisfaction with their class(to make your paper concrete, give a list of them here AuthorA, 2004; AuthorB, 2010, AuthorC, 2009 ). In this literature review, the ResearcherRead MoreKuwait Society For The Welfare Of The Disabled1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthem their rights as human. Special Art Organization Special Art Organization provide education opportunities in the arts for children and adult who with disabilities. This organization work to create a community that can let people with or special need learn different arts by participating, or enjoying those arts, such as music, drama, writing, dancing, etc. Special Art Organization supports teachers and parents and artists recourses and tools to use it in art programs in schools and communitiesRead MoreContribution of Digital Projections for Approaching Mise En Scene in Contemporary Theatre Performance1401 Words   |  6 Pagesbriefly described as a fusion of live performance and the magic of the big screen. By utilizing the best dramatic devices that each  art form  has to covey a story and entertain an audience; the possibilities to create interesting  narratives  and stage dynamics through the  synergy  of stage and cinematic design is exciting. Cinematic theatre is a contemporary style of  drama  that revolves around using pre-edited and live vision sequences to be projected onto screens and surfaces. These sequences are thenRead More The Black Arts Movement Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Arts Movement The Black Arts movement refers to a period of â€Å"furious flowering† of African American creativity beginning in the mid-1960’s and continuing through much of the 1970’s (Perceptions of Black). Linked both chronologically and ideologically with the Black Power Movement, The BAM recognized the idea of two cultural Americas: one black and one white. The BAM pressed for the creation of a distinctive Black Aesthetic in which black artists created for black audiencesRead MoreThrough the recent years, school budget cuts have led to the discontinuation of many classroom and2000 Words   |  8 Pagesclassroom and extracurricular activities, including the visual and performing arts. Yet, because of this, classrooms are losing out on a very effective tool that can help aid the academic and social-emotional developments. According to Lorie Scott, Sallie Harper and Mathew Boggan, â€Å"Art integration helps students to engage in meaningful learning as wel l as understanding at a much more defined and deeper level† (2012, p.83). Unfortunately, arts programs are limited to only the wealthier schools andRead MoreFine Arts Should Be School Sponsored1513 Words   |  7 PagesFine arts should be school sponsored and implemented in the school curriculum. First of all it has tremendous academic benefits. Studies done at the University of California Irvine, or UCI, show when children and teens are exposed to music, preferably classical music (which is a common theme among school bands), they tend to have better memories and they are able to retain information better than students who aren’t exposed to music. Chris Brewer, founder of Lifesounds Educational Services, saysRead MoreThe Arts And How It Is Beneficial1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Arts and How It Is Beneficial Over the years, numerous studies and surveys have been conducted about the arts and if and how they are valuable. An overwhelming approval for the arts were shown in nearly all forms of studying the benefits of the arts. Online articles and other media are just a few samples of these studies. Among these articles, states how The arts are essential for the developing brain, for applying and learning skills, for maintaining positive mental health, and for building

A Utopian Society A Utopia Is Defined As A Place Of...

Throughout this assignment my group has constructed one of the most utopian societies known, we named it Dvoma. A Utopia is defined as â€Å"a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions.† (Merriam-Webster) This society was created to uphold the people’s beliefs, care for their needs, and maintain fair and just decisions and choices. Based on the groups decisions, Dvoma is a utopia and resembles what a perfect society would look like. This essay will go over the key points needed in a utopian society, like what makes it just and fair and the essential aspects, and what I have learned from the group projects along with some struggles we faced throughout the project. My group created Dvoma as a just and fair state with how our government is established and the laws that support it. Our government is a Republic Democracy because we wanted our people to have a choice in their society government and allow their voices to be heard. Leadership positions should be a position you earn and not something that is handed down throughout generations. Democracy is defined as â€Å"a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.† (Merriam-Webster) As a group we decided that our government will respect each individual and inspire the citizens to enhance their own unique abilities and potential and I could not agree more.Show MoreRelatedUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social1000 Words   |  4 PagesUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especiall y in laws, government, and social conditions, (merriam-webster.com). Utopia is a mindset that people are conditioned to believe is achievable, when in actuality it isn’t. In a utopian society when people believe that they have reached idealized perfection, there will still be things or people that make the society imperfect. â€Å"Every utopia faces the same problem: What do you do with the people who dont fit in?† (Margaret Atwood, a novelistRead MoreOryx And Crake And The Carhulke As A Dystopian Society1356 Words   |  6 Pagesexhibit components of the establishment of a utopia, within a dystopia. A dystopia is defined as â€Å"an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). Contrastingly, a utopia is defined as â€Å"an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). The extent to which a utopia is established in a dystopian society is evident in a multitude of elements, suchRead MoreAnalysis Of Utopia By Thomas More1710 Words   |  7 Pages Utopia- good place, or in other words, no place. Thomas More, in his work Utopia, describes a nation in a parallel universe free from greed, pride, immorality, poverty, and crime; told as a narrative of a well-traveled explorer Hythloday to Moore himself, Hythloday speaks of a nation founded purely upon rationality, efficiency, and perfect morality. Thomas More’s work is no political or social theory, but rather a social critique and a commentary. In an age experiencing political and social struggleRead MoreThe Paradox Of Thomas Mores Utopia As An Adjective?1441 Words   |  6 PagesThomas More penned Utopia in 1535, he not only created a new genre in fiction, he also created a new adjective.   Miriam-Webster defines Utopia as: a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions. An alternate definition given by the same dictionary is: an impractical scheme for social improvement.(Miriam-Webster) For the purpose of this essay we will be focusi ng on the latter; Utopia as an adjective. The paradox of the paradigm of Mores Utopia is that all humanRead MoreUtopia, by Thomas More: Your Wost Nightmare Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesUtopia is a brilliant novel written by Thomas More. The idea of a utopia seems impossible, how can anyone live in a perfect place when perfection is in the eyes of the beholder? The Utopia in this novel is nothing more than abundant of already established ideas therefore it can’t not truly be a Utopia. The abolition of private property is one of Mores chief criticisms of Utopia; it seems to mimic the common understandings of communism, which Thomas More’s character Raphael has been accused of protectingRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Inferno And Thomas More s Satirical Dialogue `` Utopia ``1366 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters, and theme.. Dante’s Inferno and Thomas More’s Utopia are perfect examples of the use of irony as they utilized the various techniques throughout their stories. There are a plethora of accounts where irony is apparent, including the sceneries, dialogue, and titles that are portrayed in their work. This essay will examine and compare the uses of irony in Dante Alighieri’s narrative poem, Inferno and Thomas More’s satirical dialogue, Utopia. Dante’s Inferno describes distinctive uses of ironyRead MoreSimilarities Between Utopia And Dystopia1672 Words   |  7 PagesDystopia and Utopia can be explored in many forms of media such as artwork, film, music, poetry and even dance. The easiest and most vivid way to depict these genres to the audience is in films. Films specifically incorporate visual symbolism through colors and settings and screenshot width and filters. Films may also incorporate a subliminal message to the reader through background music used in different scenes. Displaying utopian and dystopian societies through film leaves some imagination toRead MoreUtopia Vs Dystopia1530 Words   |  7 PagesGrowing up in America, the idea of a land without original thought is unimaginable. This haunting theme is more commonly found in dystopian literature than in the real world. A dystopia is defined as â€Å"a society characterized by human misery, as squalor, oppression, disease, and overcrowding† (â⠂¬Å"Dystopia†). Many dystopias brainwash their people into believing the laws and regulations that are set in that country are normal. Unfortunately, dystopias are commonly ruled by a leader who is unjust and usesRead MoreIdeal. Flawless. Unrivaled. Quintessential. Too good to be true. Perfect. In addition to being2200 Words   |  9 PagesIdeal. Flawless. Unrivaled. Quintessential. Too good to be true. Perfect. In addition to being synonyms of one another, all of the aforementioned words share one similar and unique characteristic – they all describe utopian societies. A utopia is generally defined as a ‘perfect world’. In this type of society, every individual is equal and the woes of humanity – greed, war, starvation – are nonexistent. However, this type of world can be found in an often-criticized government – socialism. GenerallyRead MoreA Utopia By George Orwell1993 Words   |  8 PagesThe world is entrenched in a perpetual sea rch to become a better place: trying to advance technology and society to reach high standards. It is continually working towards perfection with an end goal of achieving a utopia. However, the end goal may never be reached because after all, most utopias become dystopias. Utopias are meant to be impeccable societies with perfect life and people. The downfall is that the quality of flawlessness is not attainable. There are selfish people everywhere who take

Analyze the Security Issues In Cloud Computing †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyze the Security Issues In Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction There is an important requirement of securely store, share, analyze as well as manage huge amount of complicated data, which are semis-structured and unstructured in order to determine the specific patterns as well as trends for enhancing the quality of managing information (Lian et al. 2014). The critical nature of the applications leads to use cloud to be secure. However, major security challenges with the cloud become major concerns of the users. In this aspect, the emerging cloud computing model attempts in addressing the explosive development of the devices that are connected on the web and handle huge amount of data. Presently, Google has introduced MapReduce framework in order to process large amount of data on the commodity hardware. The research will analyze the security issues associated with cloud computing and recommended possible measures to mitigate the issues. Scope of the proposed research The research will be helpful to identify different types of attacks occurred in cloud computing. The issues including security in storage, network security, middleware security and data security will be analyzed in the research (Modi et al. 2013). On the other hand, particular aspects of cloud computing will be critically evaluated in the research that will be helpful to take measures to protect the attacks (Hashem et al. 2015). In addition, security issues in different types of cloud computing such as PaaS, IaaS and SaaS will be presented in the research. Proposed recommendations would be helpful to mitigate security issues in cloud computing. Definition of important terms Cloud computing: It is considered as information technology paradigm as well as model for enabling ubiquitous access to the shared pools for configurable resources. Access control: Access control systems can perform authorization for identification, authentication, access approval as well as accountability of the entities through login credentials that include passwords, biometric scans and personal identification number. Aim of the research The research aims to identify the security issues lied in the use of cloud computing and critically evaluate them. In addition, the research will provide appropriate recommendations in order to overcome the security issues in cloud computing. Rationale of the research Even though the cloud computing provides potential advantages, there are several security issues involved with cloud computing. It includes networks, databases, virtualizations, scheduling of resources, transaction management and memory management. Security issues for several systems as well as technologies are applicable to cloud computing. For instance, the network interconnecting the particular systems in a cloud needs to be secure. Hence, it becomes an important issue of research (Ali et al. 2015). On the other hand, mapping virtual machines to the physical machines needs to be carried out securely. A resource allocation as well as memory management algorithm requires to be secured so that the cloud services can be effectively offered. Furthermore, data mining techniques need to be applicable in order to detect malware in clouds that requires analyzing (Chang and Ramachandran 2016). Data security engages encryption of the data and ensuring that proper policies can be enforced for the process of data sharing. Therefore, analyzing cloud security issues becomes immensely important and achieved in the present research. Literature review Overview Cloud explains the utilization of a collection of services, information, applications as well as infrastructure that is comprised of pools of compute, network, storage as well as information resources. The elements can be rapidly provisioned, deployed as well as decommissioned providing for on-demand utility like model of allocations as well as demand utility-like model related to consumption and allocations. Cloud features: Cloud computing is an integral part of any business or companies who have adopted this process. The main use of this process is used to get scalability in architecture and efficiency in business processes (Li et al. 2013). Moreover, the various components of the cloud computing processes are the SaaS, PaaS and the IaaS. The SaaS is termed as the software as a service which is basically used t make software in the cloud. The PaaS is the platform as a service which is used to implement the platform of the cloud infrastructures. The third party vendors responsible for giving the cloud platform provides the tools and services for providing the customizable options to their clients (Rewagad and Pawar 2013). Lastly, the IaaS or the infrastructure as a service is used to get computational resources from the cloud to host the set of applications or software. Risks in cloud computing However, the use of these services can also be risky adoptions if proper security checks are not adopted. In addition to security for the data, the compliance to policies and standards are also other risks that must be addressed by the companies concerned. This report discusses about the various risks present in accepting cloud solutions. The first risk in the cloud features are the need for a good security policy. According to a survey among various business companies and organizations implementing the cloud solutions, the majority risks are in their security aspects (Xiao and Xiao 2013). This means that are always the target for security breaches by attackers or other unethical workers. This is termed as a red flag in any system and proper security must be in place for supporting them. The major services for collecting emails like the SendGrid or the major applications for taking notes like the Evernote, are always the targets for a data breach (Wei et al. 2014). This is always done to get the information from them which lead to grave threats for the company themselves. This gives a pre-requisite for adopting the risk mitigation techniques like encryption and tokenizing for enhancing the security needs. The non compliance to standards or policies is another issue in the cloud computing aspects which is of great concern. For a cloud vendor, the policies and security adopted in their services are to be opening sourced so that their clients can see them and adhere to them accordingly (Zhao et al. 2014). This is also of a concern to the companies accepting these solutions as the policies and frameworks in place for their infrastructure might be vulnerable to risks and breaches (Arora et al. 2013). Thus, a client of a third party business must also see to this to get compliance to the regulations as any breaches in their systems due to this can lead to extreme loss of business, fines or even lawsuits. The next issue is the loss of control over the services. A cloud service provide or the third party vendors always provide assurance to their clients about the type of the services that will be provide, the data centre that will be used or even the platform that will be used. From a survey conducted for cloud features, various companies do not accept the cloud solutions due to the loss of expertise in controlling their solutions (Kaur and Mahajan 2013). This loss of control is the main reason for almost all businesses to opt out of their cloud infrastructures. Although the cloud vendors are always providing trust in the minds of their clients, the fact still remains that the loss of services is to be addressed and the client companies need to have information about the location of their data and even the type of the solution used for security. In addition, in case of any breaches in the system, the clients along with the vendors will be considered responsible for these types of cases . The fourth issue in the cloud security features is the disaster recovery plans and the mitigation techniques adopted (Inukollu et al. 2014). During the strike of a disaster in the system, the operations and all the processes are backed up to the cloud which is stored in online and offline modes (Rao and Selvamani 2015). These are the normal methods of addressing disaster plans. However, the internet connections used a provided by the Ethernet cables which slows down the backup process. During the onset of the attack, information is to be sent by these media and this is the main cause in reduction of the speed. This raises a security issue in operations where sometimes backups cannot be made in the proper time (Cao et al. 2014). Furthermore, during recovery options, the reverting back of changes also requires downloading the solutions from the storages to make the system go online. This process also causes hindrances to the system as the rate of reverting back is extremely slow (Sugum aran et al. 2014). This is another area where the various risks in security need to be addressed. In case of reverting back the backed up process from storages, the need to secure their system against further attacks are necessary. Failure to comply with this can lead to many other attacks and may lead to loss in the backed up process. Research gap The research will identify the potential security issues involved with cloud computing. However, some areas will not be covered like issues lied in third part providers. Hence, future researcher can do research on the mentioned area of cloud computing. Additionally, cloud computing in SaaS needs to be analyzed in detailed. Possible measures to overcome the issues The cloud is the model of delivering on-demand computing resources from the applications to the data centers over the web on the basic of pay for use. In order to minimize security issues several measures can be taken such as multi-tenancy, information integrity as well as privacy (Rong et al. 2013). Multi tenancy can be implied on computational resources, storage, database, logical as well as physical platform at the premises of provider. In order to deliver secured multi-tenancy, it is required to maintain location transparency. On the other hand, exposing resources over the internet to valid users as well as malicious attackers needs to be included in this process (Dinh et al. 2013). In the perspectives of maintaining third party control, owner has any control on data as it is a known as third party issue. Cloud providers are not aware of the architecture effective; therefore it is required to adopt effective security measure so that security issues can be mitigated. Summary It can be summarized from above content that, there are generally three types of service models associated with cloud service such as software as a service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). However, with the rapid growth of the use of cloud computing, security issues are also increasing. Therefore, it becomes important to research on the security issues lied in the use of cloud computing. hence, it is important to research on the security issues in cloud computing. Methodology Research methodology assists to define most appropriate approach, which requires to be adopted in order to attain complete as well as detailed results of the procedure. The theories as well as concepts detailed results of the procedure. Mackey and Gass (2015) stated that theories as well as concepts in research methodology is helpful to analysis in detailed and better way regarding the topic of the research. Application of research methodology assists in comprehending the particular process adopted in the process of analyzing the research of cloud security issues. The detailed procedure of research methodology leads to find the common errors that may create limits within the process of research. Along with these, the researcher has tried to apply detailed process of research methodology, which helps in doing better analysis of cloud security issues. Research approach Research approach is a tool that helps to developed format needed to conduct the study. J A specific research topic can be undertaken for studying in broad ways either in deductive and inductive research. Inductive approach assists in studying in a research topic when adequate data on the selected topic is not available (Taylor et al. 2015). The initial phase of inductive approach is doing observation, which assists in obtaining relevant information and develops the way of the research proceed accordingly. Inductive approach can be helpful in serving the purpose of developing new theory for any topic. On contrary, deductive approach is utilized as a procedure that explains practical application of the theories that is studied in order to obtain access to the content of research. Deductive approach aims to develop a theory with more specifications as well as concepts of data analysis (Brinkmann 2014). On the other hand, depending upon the nature of the study as well as research topic, the chosen research approach is developed, which can assist in doing better analysis of the particular topic. The study will try to study the specific concepts associated to security issues in cloud computing with the assistance of several theoretical knowledge. Models related to security needed for selection of the approach, which can assist in comprehension for getting much precise as well as clear way. On the other hand, inductive approach fails to be implemented at the topic as there are no new theories emphasized by the researcher. Research strategy The research strategy assists in evaluating the specific research framework of the research topic. It would be helpful in order to select the collection as well as analysis pattern. During the procedure of data collection, a specific type of approach is applied, which is helpful in better explanation of the research strategy. Vaioleti (2016) stated that there are three types of research design used in academic research design such as explanatory, exploratory as well as descriptive. Exploratory research design is helpful for a researcher in order to acknowledge several types of ideas as well as thoughts needed for completion of the research paper. On the other hand, explanatory research design explains the possibility of occurrence of events as well as correspondingly effect of the process. Due to more description of the cause and effect relationship, penetration details of the particular research become limited. Finally, descriptive research strategy aims to obtain details as to state the occurrence of the detailed process along with appropriate explanation of the topic. Application of explanatory will be avoided as it supports the concepts of making longitudinal study, which is not possible for the topic. On the other hand, descriptive research design is able to define detailed procedure involved in the security issues involved in cloud computing. Data collection and analysis Data are considered as useful collection of information as well as facts, which are helpful to study any types of research. Gast and Ledford (2014) commented that data collections assist in order to deliver accurate outcomes to a research process as well as enables the standard format of the research study. Data sources helps in penetrating the topic of research as well as assist to extract data as per the needs. Primary and secondary data sources will provide materials that are helpful in order to obtain details of the research topic. Primary data assist in collecting raw data, which will be directly catered according to the requirements of the research topic. Primary data will be collected from randomly selected users of cloud services. On the other hand, secondary data are collected and used from different sources such as books, journals and websites Qualitative data are helpful in order to record narrative form of the data, which add better explanation of the research topic. Qualitative data assists in adding theoretical concepts in the practical field, which leads to make better comprehension of the research topic unlike quantitative process. Quantitative data will be applied in the form of statistical data, which assists in recording data of large sample sizes. In the study, quantitative research technique will be applied. Ethical considerations During the procedure of conducting research methodology, it is required to follow a code, which assists in detecting wrong and right set of behavior needed to adopt during the procedure. The researcher for analyzing the security issues lied in cloud computing and recommendations for minimizing the issues are discussed in the study. In the processing of data application, data obtained though conducting a study of the particular topic with special references to the cloud computing security issues (Bauer 2014). However, any types of commercial applications of the data will be avoided so that the findings and outcomes will be strictly limited to the academic purpose only. On the other hand, the research tried to include no external influence or pressure over the participants in the feedback process. Summary The present section portrayed the different research tool that will assist better analysis of the research topic. With the assistance of the section, researcher will true to align nature of the study with the available research technique. It helps to frame the best possible methodology for the research. Method for 11 week thesis Main activities Week 1 Week 2-3 Week 3-4 Week 4-6 Week 7-9 Week 10 Week 11 Selection of research approach Selection of research approach Selection of research strategy Selection of research strategy Data collection process Data collection process Primary data collection Data collection process Data analysis process Data analysis process Data analysis process Ethical consideration forming Research plan for 11 week thesis Main activities Week 1 Week 2-3 Week 3-4 Week 4-6 Week 7-9 Week 10 Week 11 Selection of topic Data collection from secondary sources Creation of layout Doing Literature review Forming research Plan Appropriate Research method selection Collecting Primary data Analysis and Interpretation of accumulated Data Findings from the data Conclusion of the research Forming Rough Draft Submission of the research References Ali, M., Khan, S.U. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2015. Security in cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges.Information Sciences,305, pp.357-383. Arora, R., Parashar, A. and Transforming, C.C.I., 2013. Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), pp.1922-1926. Bauer, G.R., 2014. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity.Social Science Medicine,110, pp.10-17. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Cao, N., Wang, C., Li, M., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2014. Privacy-preserving multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data.IEEE Transactions on parallel and distributed systems,25(1), pp.222-233. Chang, V. and Ramachandran, M., 2016. Towards achieving data security with the cloud computing adoption framework.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(1), pp.138-151. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R. eds., 2014.Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, pp.98-115. Inukollu, V.N., Arsi, S. and Ravuri, S.R., 2014. Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(3), p.45. Kaur, M. and Mahajan, M., 2013. Using encryption algorithms to enhance the data security in cloud computing.International journal of communication and computer technologies,1(12), pp.56-59. Li, M., Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2013. Scalable and secure sharing of personal health records in cloud computing using attribute-based encryption.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(1), pp.131-143. Lian, J.W., Yen, D.C. and Wang, Y.T., 2014. An exploratory study to understand the critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Taiwan hospital.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.28-36. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A. and Rajarajan, M., 2013. A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,63(2), pp.561-592. Rao, R.V. and Selvamani, K., 2015. Data security challenges and its solutions in cloud computing.Procedia Computer Science,48, pp.204-209. Rewagad, P. and Pawar, Y., 2013, April. Use of digital signature with diffie hellman key exchange and AES encryption algorithm to enhance data security in cloud computing. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 437-439). IEEE. Rong, C., Nguyen, S.T. and Jaatun, M.G., 2013. Beyond lightning: A survey on security challenges in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(1), pp.47-54. Sugumaran, M., Murugan, B.B. and Kamalraj, D., 2014, February. An architecture for data security in cloud computing. InComputing and Communication Technologies (WCCCT), 2014 World Congress on(pp. 252-255). IEEE. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Tuohy, D., Cooney, A., Dowling, M., Murphy, K. and Sixsmith, J., 2013. An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research methodology.Nurse Researcher,20(6), pp.17-20. Vaioleti, T.M., 2016. Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research.Waikato Journal of Education,12(1). Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2014. Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, pp.371-386. Xiao, Z. and Xiao, Y., 2013. Security and privacy in cloud computing.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,15(2), pp.843-859. Zhao, F., Li, C. and Liu, C.F., 2014, February. A cloud computing security solution based on fully homomorphic encryption. InAdvanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2014 16th International Conference on(pp. 485-488). IEEE.

Management and Functional Areas free essay sample

1. In the light of the system, describe the decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning, managerial control and operational control? What information would you require to make such decisions? Ans. A management information system (MIS) is an organized combination of people, hardware, communication networks and data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization. An MIS helps decision making by providing timely, relevant and accurate information to managers. The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures. Management information is an important input for efficient performance of various managerial functions at different organization levels. The information system facilitates decision making. Management functions include planning, controlling and decision making. Decision making is the core of management and aims at selecting the best alternative to achieve an objective. The decisions may be strategic, tactical or technical. Strategic decisions are characterized by uncertainty. They are future oriented and relate directly to planning activity. Tactical decisions cover both planning and controlling. Technical decisions pertain to implementation of specific tasks through appropriate technology. There are 3 areas in the organization. They are strategic, managerial and operational control. Strategic decisions are characterized by uncertainty. The decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning are future oriented and relate directly to planning activity. Here basically planning for future that is budgets, target markets, policies, objectives etc. is done. This is basically a top level where up-to-the minute information on the food items ordered and breaks out percentages showing sales of each item versus total sales is provided. The top level where strategic planning is done compares the weekly sales totals versus food costs, allowing planning for tighter cost controls. The decisions to be made in the area of managerial control are largely dependent upon the information available to the decision makers. It is basically a middle level where planning of menus is done and whenever an order is voided, the reasons for the void are keyed in which later helps in management decisions, especially if the voids are related to food or service. The managerial control that is middle level also gets customer feedback and is responsible for customer satisfaction. The decisions to be made in the area of operational control pertain to implementation of specific tasks through appropriate technology. This is basically a lower level where the waiter takes the order and enters it online via one of the six terminals located in the restaurant dining room and the order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation area. The item’s ordered list and the respective prices are automatically generated. The cooks send ‘out of stock’ message when the kitchen runs out of a food item, which is basically displayed on the dining room terminals when waiter tries to order that item. This basically gives the waiters faster feedback, enabling them to give better service to the customers. The information required to make such decision must be such that it highlights the trouble spots and shows the interconnections with the other functions. It must summarize all information relating to the span of control of the manager. The information required to make these decisions can be strategic, tactical or operational information. Advantages of an online computer system: * Eliminates 3-carbon copies * Waiters’ handwriting issues * Out-of-stock message Faster feedback, helps waiters to service the customers Advantages to management * Sales figures and percentages item-wise * Helps in planning the menu * Cost accounting details 2. What would make the system a more complete MIS rather than just doing transaction processing? Ans. If the management provides sufficient incentive for efficiency and results to their customers, it would make the system a more complete MIS and so the MIS should support this culture by providing such information which will aid the promotion of efficiency in the management services and operational system. It is also necessary to study the keys to successful Executive Information System (EIS) development and operation. Decision support systems would also make the system a complete MIS as it constitutes a class of computer-based information systems including knowledge-based systems that support decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management level of the organization and help to take decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. Improving personal efficiency, expediting problem solving (speed up the progress of problems solving in an organization), facilitating interpersonal communication, promoting learning and training, increasing organizational control, generating new evidence in support of a decision, creating a competitive advantage over competition, encouraging exploration and discovery on the part of the decision maker, revealing new approaches to thinking about the problem space and helping automate the managerial processes would make the system a complete MIS. Information System INTRODUCTION As Information system (IS) can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support decision making, coordination, and control in an organization. ’ (Laudon, Laudon,) However, Information System has to go through three basic activities, which include input, processing, and output in order to transform its raw data into essential information. Meanwhile, from the business prospective, IS represents an organizational and management solution based on information technology to a challenge posed by the environment. Laudon, Laudon,) Information System is useful for helping organizations to deal with changes in global economies and business enterprise. Firms use Information System on communication and analytic tools for conducting trade and managing business on a global sale. Information System is the basic of service in knowledge economies; new knowledge based products and help firms manage their knowledge assets. By using Information System, a business can adopt flatter, more decentralized structures and more flexible arrangement of employees and managements. (Laudon, Laudon,) Nowadays Information System (IS) has become a vital component of successful organisation particularly for manager in order for organisation to grow and survive. With Information System, it can provide companies with require practical and functional information that leads to efficient, operation, competitive advantage and effective management. On the other hand, Information System can critically damage and negatively effect it prospect as well as bring dissatisfaction and unable to fulfill all the requirements for success and survival if Information System appropriately sustain the business objective operation strategy of an organisation. 98 CHAPTER 7TRANSACTION PROCESSING, FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS The major functional areas in many companies are the production operations, marketing, human resources, accounting and ? nance departments. Traditionally, information systems were designed within each functional area, to support the area by increasing its internal effectiveness and ef? cienc y. However, as we will discuss in Chapter 9, the traditional functional hierarchical structure may not be the best structure for some organizations, because certain business processes involve activities that are performed in several functional areas. Suppose a cus- tomer wants to buy a particular product. When the customer’s order arrives at the marketing department, the customer’s credit needs to be approved by ? nance. Someone checks to ? nd if the product is in the warehouse (usually in the production/operations area). If it is there, then someone needs to pack the product and forward it to the shipping department, which arranges for deliv- ery. Accounting prepares a bill for the customer, and ? nance may arrange for shipping insurance. The ? ow of work and information between the different departments may not work well, creating delays or poor customer service. One possible solution is to restructure the organization. For example, the company can create cross-functional teams, each responsible for performing a complete business process. Then, it is necessary to create appropriate informa- tion systems applications for the restructured processes. As we will discuss in Chapter 9, this arrangement can be a dif? ult-to-implement solution. In other cases, the company can use IT to create minor changes in the business processes and organizational structure, but this solution may not solve problems such as lack of coordination or an ineffective supply chain. One other remedy may be an integrated approach that keeps the functional departments as they are, but creates an integrated supportive information system to help communication, coordination, and control. The integrated approach is discussed in Section 7. 8. But even if the company were to restructure its organization, as suggested in Chapter 9, the functional areas might not disappear completely since they contain the expertise needed to run the business. Therefore, it is necessary to drastically improve operations in the functional areas, increasing productivity, quality, speed, and customer service, as we will see in this chapter. Before we demonstrate how IT facilitates the work of the functional areas, and makes possible their integration, we need to see how they are organized and how they relate to the corporate value chain and the supply chain. The value chain model, introduced in Chapter 3, views activities in organizations as either primary (re? ecting the ? ow of goods and services) or secondary (sup- porting the primary activities). The organizational structure of ? rms is intended to support both of these types of activities. Figure 7. 2 maps the majorfunctional departmentsonto the value chain structure. As described in Chapter 2, the supply chain is a business process that links all the procurement from suppliers, the transformation activities inside a ? rm, and the distribution of goods or services to customers via wholesalers and retailers. In this chapter we present innovative applications that increase mainly internal functional ef? ciency, and we provide examples of improved communication and collaboration with customers and business partners as a result of these applica- tions. First, let us examine the characteristics of functional information systems. Functional information systems share the following characteristics: ? Composed of smaller systems. A functional information system consists of several smaller information systems that support speci? c activities performed in the functional area Finance Integration Integration External Systems Other Internal Systems Customers Partners Government KM Engineering Others I n t e g r a t i o n In te g ra tio n Operators CRM Accounting Marketing TPS HRM FIGURE 7. 1The functional areas, TPS, CRM, and integration connection. Note the ? ow of information from the TPS to the functional systems. Flow of informa- tion between and among functional systems is done via the integration compo- nent. (Not showing in the ?gure are applications dis- cussed in other chapters, such as e-commerce and knowledge management. ) 7. 1FUNCTIO